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Browsing Education by Author "Banda, Martin"
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- ItemAbsence of sex education in Zambian education system: Is it a missed opportunity for reducing HIV infections among the youths?(2015-11-27) Banda, MartinThe study was undertaken in three provinces in Zambia namely: Central, Copperbelt and Western Provinces. The study sought to investigate the absence of sex education in Zambian secondary schools as a missed opportunity in the prevention of HIV infection. The objectives of the study were; to explore the consequences of lack of sex education in secondary schools in Zambia, examine if lack of sex education is a missed opportunity in the prevention of HIV, explore the views of secondary school graduates concerning sex education and establish whether secondary education in Zambia promotes the ability to protect oneself against HIV infection. In this particular study, both qualitative and quantitative designs were used. The combined approach provided an opportunity of using tools such as questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions. The research was necessitated by the general lack of knowledge about sex education as a way of preventing HIV infections in Zambia. The study was guided by two theories: socialisation theory and social learning theory. The elements of socialisation theory in this study are primary and secondary socialisation with a main focus on secondary socialisation as the study investigated the education system in Zambia. The elements of the social learning theory are awareness, self-control, self-efficacy and social support.The results from the study showed that lack of sex education in secondary schools was a missed opportunity in the prevention of HIV infections in Zambia. Furthermore, the study revealed that relationships among the youths which led to sexual intercourse had affected most of the youth both in secondary schools and at times in tertiary education due to the lack of comprehensive understanding of human sexuality. The study revealed that the pupils had observed the need for sex education in schools to be taught so that they could know how to handle and protect themselves. The study further revealed that the means of educating the pupils in secondary schools to protect themselves from HIV infections were misleading as pupils had not reached the maturity to assess the media critically. From the findings of the study it was recommended that there was need for an intervention in the education system so that the education provided attended to the social needs. It is further proposed that there should be an innovation in the curriculum, that is, life skills, based in order to equip the pupils to protect themselves from HIV infections and manage their sexuality in a healthy way. The innovations should build on what is in place looking at both the strengths and weaknesses of the current approaches of education. The study further recommended rethinking or reorganising the content of the education system in order to deliver the skills and make the content learner participatory. Innovation such as sex education may be novelty and considering that curriculum innovation is complex, the study proposes a careful planning for the development and implementation of the curriculum that instils important life skills and attitudes that can reduce the HIV infections. A descriptive survey design was used to carry out the study. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches to collect information about the HIV and AIDS preventions in secondary schools. The study composed of 466 informants drawn from secondary schools and colleges of education in the sampled provinces.
- ItemA sociological investigation of school boards'contribution towards enhancing quality education in selected high schools in central province(2011-04-16) Banda, MartinThis study was conducted in the Central Province of Zambia. The study investigated the contribution of School Boards towards enhancing quality education. The objectives of the study were to investigate whether or not School Boards have contributed to quality education in High Schools, ascertain whether the involvement of the community through School Boards has contributed to quality education in high schools and the perceptions of teachers, learners and the community towards the introduction of School Boards in High schools in so far as enhancing quality education was concerned. In this study, both qualitative and quantitative designs were used. The combined approach provided an opportunity of using techniques such as questionnaires, observations and interviews. The intended study population was 204 respondents and the actual was 180 respondents. The study used eclectic approach. In this regard four instruments were used for collecting data namely, questionnaires, interview guides, Focus Group Discussion guides and observation schedules. These were used to collect data to answer the major questions of the study. Questionnaires and interview guides were used for background information and to answer questions raised on each objective. Observation schedules were used for triangulation purposes to supplement the information given in the questionnaires and interviews on availability of resources from MoE, teachers, parents and pupils to support the School Boards contribution towards promoting quality education. The targeted institutions and the participants were sampled using simple random sampling. The study revealed that the School Boards were important in the schools. The situation allowed the creation of local participation in the running of the learning institutions.The study further revealed that teaching and learning materials were not adequate in the schools for the School Boards to contribute to the quality education through effective teaching and learning processes. In addition, because the study was sociological, it went beyond infrastructure, teaching and learning materials and availability and qualifications of teachers in defining quality education. The research revealed problems of teaching and learning materials, but above all revealed that teachers hardly had time for learners and that the lacunae in earlier researchers in Boards and quality education is addressed by this particular research.