<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-09-24T10:54:24Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:dspace.unza.zm:123456789/6233" metadataPrefix="dim">https://dspace.unza.zm/server/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:dspace.unza.zm:123456789/6233</identifier><datestamp>2020-07-17T10:46:26Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_123456789_18</setSpec><setSpec>col_123456789_4936</setSpec></header><metadata><dim:dim xmlns:dim="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim http://www.dspace.org/schema/dim.xsd">
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="author">Chipeta, Luke</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="accessioned">2020-07-17T08:46:22Z</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="available">2020-07-17T08:46:22Z</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="issued">2018</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" lang="en">Thesis</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="abstract" lang="en">Although there is government concern about women opportunities in formal education at all&#xd;
levels, the representation of women in school administrative positions is still inadequate as&#xd;
compared to men. Thus, this research work was a case study aimed at investigating gender gaps&#xd;
in school administrative positions in Chilanga district. Its main objective were to assess the&#xd;
gender gaps in school administrative positions with regards to rural and urban schools in&#xd;
Chilanga district.&#xd;
The literature reviewed showed the prevalence of gender gaps in education and their&#xd;
consequence on economic growth. The literature reviewed supports two obvious policy&#xd;
recommendations: increasing women‟s access to education and promote their participation in&#xd;
decision making positions, this includes administrative positions in education sector.&#xd;
Qualitative methods were used to collect and analyze data from 70 participants who were&#xd;
selected purposively and randomly. This included, the district education board secretary, 2&#xd;
Senior Education Standard Officers (ESO), 2 top management officials from HR department, 20&#xd;
school administrators, 5 PTA chairpersons, and 40 Teachers (20 males and 20 females)&#xd;
respectively. Data from one to one semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were&#xd;
thematically analysed. Presentations of the findings were done using tables, direct quotations and&#xd;
simple narrations.&#xd;
However, the findings of the study revealed that the current situation of gender gaps in&#xd;
administrative positions in both rural and urban schools was as a result of male dominance in&#xd;
administrative positions and qualities for school administrators. Motivation was found to be a&#xd;
leading factor in the current changes in gender gaps in school administrative positions. Gender&#xd;
roles, education qualification, socialisation, female self-perception and mentor role were&#xd;
revealed to be the factors leading to gender gaps in education.&#xd;
To reduce gender gaps in school administrative positions, the study recommended that; women&#xd;
share gender roles with their spouses in order to create more time for administrative duties,&#xd;
school administrators to allow more women to be involved in administrative work, female&#xd;
teachers to form professional networking clubs where they mentor each other in order to assist in&#xd;
confidence building, enhancing self-esteem and socialisation and policy makers to come up with&#xd;
a curriculum that include gender issues for the purpose of sensitizing the community on the&#xd;
social/cultural barriers which cause gender imbalance in education administration.&#xd;
Conclusively, it is hoped that with all the policies being implemented to enhance female&#xd;
participation in decision making positions, this study might contribute a lot in encouraging the&#xd;
women to have small size families and share family responsibility equally with their spouses in&#xd;
order to create ample time for their career progress. This can be done through family planning&#xd;
practices and campaigning for the same. This will reduce the gender gap that exist in terms of&#xd;
administrative positions in both rural and urban schools.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="uri">http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/6233</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="language" qualifier="iso" lang="en">en</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="publisher" lang="en">The University of Zambia</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en">Gender gap</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en">Gender roles</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="title" lang="en">Gender gaps in School administrative positions: a comparative study of school administrators in selected rural and urban schools in Chilanga District. a qualitative studyDY</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="type" lang="en">Thesis</dim:field>
</dim:dim></metadata></record></GetRecord></OAI-PMH>