Humanities and Social Sciences

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The effectiveness of child participation in child centred non governmental organizations in Zambia: the case of World vision Zambia’s Choongo and Magoye cluster area programs.
(The University of Zambia, 2021) Ndonji, Mulemba Future
This report evaluates effective child participation in child centred Non-Governmental Organizations in Zambia; The case of World Vision Zambia’s Choongo and Magoye Cluster Area Programs (AP). This chapter provides a background of the study wherein the general information about Zambia is provided. The chapter also highlights the key elements of the study in the context of the Zambian situation. Further, it discusses the study site which is World Vision Zambia and more specifically the operations of Choongo and Magoye Area Programme. Consequently, the statement of the problem, research objectives and the significance of the study are provided. It then concludes with the theoretical and conceptual frameworks as well as ethical considerations.
The efforts by the Zambia electricity supply corporation to reduce power outages and their impact in Lusaka’s high density areas.
(The University of Zambia, 2021) Pambwe, Blessing Kaela
Energy is said to be the engine of the economy globally. This is because critical social and economic services such as health, education, transport and commerce, among others cannot be efficiently and effectively provided in the absence of reliable and affordable energy services. However, in Zambia access to electricity in urban areas stands at 67.3% while in rural areas it is at 4.4% translating into 31.4% at the national level. The few who have access to electricity are also subjected to load shedding and notorious power outages. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effort by the Zambia Electricity Supply Corporation (ZESCO) to reduce power outages and their impacts in Lusaka’s High Density Areas. The research used a mixed method approach, involving both qualitative and quantitative methods. A sample of 196 was engaged, comprising 190 respondents and six (6) key informants. A questionnaire, observation and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The data was analyzed using SPSS, Microsoft Excel and content analysis. The finding indicates that ZESCO was making a lot of effort to reduce power outages in Lusaka’s High Density Areas. ZESCO was building more power stations in different parts of the country. These include the Kariba North power station and the Musonda falls power station among others. The company was also undertaking system re-enforcements by putting more transformers closer to the load centers. This involves identifying an area where they can put up another transformer in order to offload the existing customers to the new transformers. This eventually leads to load balancing. The study also showed that in order to ensure that the country’s generation capacity matches the ever increasing load demand, ZESCO had engaged various stakeholders such as Maamba collieries, Ndola energy and Bangweulu solar company to produce power and sell to ZESCO under the Bulk power purchase Agreement. This power is then fed into the national grid for transmission to consumers. The study also demonstrated that ZESCO had made some stride to reduce dependence on hydro power sources by building a 50MW solar power plant at the Lusaka Multi Facility Economic Zone while the Japanese were putting up a 300MW solar power plant in Mpika and Copperbelt province. In terms of the impact of the efforts by ZESCO in reducing power outages in Lusaka’s high density areas, the study found that the efforts by ZESCO impacted positively on the social and economic life of the people in high density areas. Power outages which were lasting up to 16 hours had significantly reduced to less than 2 hours per day while in some areas it was almost non- existent. People were now able to use electrical equipment like radios, television, fridges and stoves. The study also demonstrated that due to the efforts by ZESCO to reduce power outages, cases of houses getting burnt due to the frequent use of candles had also reduced. In addition, reduction in power outages also contributed to reduced criminal cases such as fighting, murder, stealing and rape cases which frequently took place especially at night. The other impact of the efforts by ZESCO to reduce power outages in the two areas is that it stimulated self-employment and increased productivity of home business through higher revenues of existing businesses and the creation of new ones. Furthermore, firms could no longer incur costs of raw materials that go to waste and damage to equipment resulting from sudden power outages. In the long run the number of workers deemed redundant was reduced as firms operated at full capacity. In the education sector, reduction in power outages resulted in increased education possibilities as school going children, especially those in examination classes, were now able to study either at their homes or their nearby schools during night times while in the health sector Service delivery to the people improved as hospitals and clinics were able to continue with their operations during the night.
The relationship between the use of cohesive devices and the quality of grade 12 french compositions in Zambia: the case of central province.
(The University of Zambia, 2021) Kolomwe, Maureen
The study aimed at investigating the relationship between the use of cohesive devices and the quality of grade 12 French Compositions. Sixty Compositions were collected from Grade 12 pupils of French from five Secondary Schools. The objectives of the investigation were to establish the types of cohesive devices grade 12 pupils of French used and those they failed to use in their composition writing. The other objectives were to determine the challenges the grade 12 pupils of French faced in the use of cohesion, establish the thematic progression patterns and whether there was a relationship between the use of cohesive devices and the quality of grade 12 French Compositions. Halliday and Hasan (1976) Cohesion and Thematic Progression Theory were employed. The findings were that pupils were able to use some grammatical and lexical cohesion. As regards grammatical reference, the pupils were able to use personal reference. In relation to conjunctions, the pupils were able to use additive and adversative conjunctions. In terms of lexical cohesion, the pupils were only able to use reiteration. The grammatical cohesion that they rarely used in their composition were substitution and ellipsis. Collocation was the lexical cohesion that was not used in the compositions. Concerning thematic progression that the grammatical and lexical cohesion provided, the study revealed that constant thematic progression was more predominant followed by linear thematic progression. The study revealed substantial lexicon-grammatical mistakes that could have been due to ignorance of rules. The findings also indicated that Grade 12 pupils were incapable of using grammatical and lexical cohesion proficiently in their writing. The study further revealed that there was a great relationship between the use of cohesive devices and the quality of grade 12 French Compositions. The pupils that performed better were those that used a variety of grammatical and lexical cohesion. Those that performed poorly were limited in the use of grammatical and lexical cohesion. The study recommended that in order to help the pupils use grammatical and lexical cohesion in composition writing, teachers of French should change their teaching strategies of composition writing by incorporating a more precise plan for teaching the appropriate use of cohesion. They should put emphasis on teaching pronouns, references, conjunctions and other cohesive devices. Teachers should also use the most effective method of visual situations. In line with Thematic Progression, teachers should emphasise the correct use of Themes and Rheme patterning in composition writing.
The land policy in Zambia and its effectiveness in promoting the well-being of communities in Lusaka province.
(The University of Zambia, 2021) Kandondo, Chilambwe Selestino
Policy makers in Zambia have attempted to put up several initiatives to protect local land rights through land reform policies and projects. By so doing, changes have been made in land governance structures, both at local and national level. At national level, the government tried to deal with the lack of effective and transparent land administration by changing the land policy. A number of drafts in order to try to deal with the situation were published. Some of which include: The Draft Land Policy in 2002, the Draft Land Policy in 2015, and the current Land Policy which was drafted in 2017. Despite the many land reforms and land acts having been enacted, the administration and management of land services in Zambia are still issues of great concern. This raised questions relating to the extent to which the land policy promotes the well-being of communities in Lusaka province. The study used both qualitative and quantitative methodologies based on a case study of Lusaka province. A mixed methods research design was used to collect both primary and secondary data. The data was collected from a total sample of 177 respondents and key informants. Purposive sampling was used to sample key informants, while multistage sampling, combining simple random and convenient sampling, was used to select respondents. Questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect the data. Internal consistency was used to measure reliability, while content validity was used to measure validity of the data. SPSS was used to analyse quantitative data, while content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. Results show that well-being was not met in any way, and the most common reason given was that there were so many foreigners buying land instead of local citizens and yet the government claims in their policy document that they are ensuring that land is preserved for the future. According to the results, local government officials, MLNR officials and land owners recognized a national planning framework to be a tool for the management of land and a very important thing to have in place. Further results also showed that there was collaboration between Chiefs and the Government. Whenever land for resettlement was needed, it was readily available regardless of whether it was traditional or state land. This study also revealed that the extent to which land is being preserved for future use is to a very lower extent. Based on the results the Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources (MLNR) officials, council officials and the Chiefs avail that there is no proper approach and plan to preserve land for the future. one of the main recommendations of this study is that the government must devise a proper implementation plan which comprehensively deals with land issues, unlike fusing it in a broad national development plan. This could propel effective land administration and management in Zambia. The study also recommends that a proper land audit should be done to ascertain how much land is available, then determine which percentage of it should be reserved for the future. This should be done with consultation and help of the chiefs, since they are the ones in charge of most of the unsold land which exists in Zambia.
Significance of names in Samuel S. Hanengeta’s Kalya uzumanana, Lazarus M. Mwiinga’s Nyoko ngumwi and Joseph B. Mweemba’s Mukandeke.
(The University of Zambia, 2021) Muchimba , Malala Netty
Narratives rely heavily on onomastics, where names are part of the raw materials that weave the plot, and are essential ingredients of narration. Naming is a critical literary device and within artistic works, every detail adds to the overall representation and the use of names is no exception. The research analyses the onomastic aspects in Chitonga literary texts of Mukandeke by Mweemba J. B, Kalya Uzumanana by Hanengeta S. S and Nyoko Ngumwi by Mwiinga L. M., with a perspective of the usage and functions of names in a narrative. Onyms are but single components of literary creation and arguably present one of the most important parts of development of the Chitonga narrative in the selected texts. The onyms are connected to the literary purposes of the texts and are chosen according to their value and influence in the context. There is no literary name that is without value in Chitonga narratives no matter how minor a role it may play within a narrative. Names do not come into existence by chance but according to causal connection. It is clear that names or name elements are such elements that are selected according to their value and content, for instance their effective value in enhancing the development of a narrative and characters in the selected texts. The choice of names that the authors use plays a significant role in the realisation of themes, development of narratives, setting and characterisation. The authors thus choose names with suitable connotations which include implied messages about the character's physical or behavioural traits, that is, charactonym. From the analysed data, the title of works for the three text were carefully selected as they have a close association with the thematic preoccupation and vision of the authors.

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