Experiences of emergency medical service staff on delivery of emergency medical services in Chobe district, Botswana.
Date
2025
Authors
Gareitse, Leatile
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
The University of Zambia
Abstract
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in Chobe, Botswana, play a vital role in responding to a variety of emergencies in a region characterized by unique geographical and socio-economic challenges. The growing conflict between the expanding human population and wildlife, along with organizational and occupational stressors, significantly impacts EMS staff. These challenges can increase the risk of psychological distress and negatively affect service delivery. Previous studies have highlighted high rates of mental health issues, including PTSD, depression, and anxiety, among EMS workers worldwide. However, limited research has focused on the experiences of EMS staff in Botswana, particularly in Chobe.This study aims to explore the
experiences of EMS staff in Chobe, Botswana, in delivering emergency medical services, with a particular focus on staffing shortages, psychological stress, operational challenges, and the impact on their professional and personal well-being. A qualitative case study design was employed, utilizing unstructured in-depth interviews with 8 EMS staff members. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key themes that reflect the experiences and challenges faced by EMS personnel in Chobe. The study identified four primary themes: EMS staff expressed concerns over the absence of a formal EMS policy, which led to unclear roles and operational inefficiencies. The faulty communication system, particularly regarding the EMS emergency line, was a significant challenge, delaying response times and leading to tensions between EMS staff and the community. EMS staff reported experiencing high levels of psychological distress, including anxiety, depression, and burnout. Coping mechanisms were found to be largely ineffective, with some staff members exhibiting a minimal use of available mental health support systems. EMS staff highlighted the shortage of vehicles and personnel, which placed a considerable strain on their ability to respond to emergencies promptly. Additionally, the lack of a response care doctor at the scene and reliance on limited resources further complicated service delivery. The shortage of staff resulted in long shifts, increased workload, and heightened stress levels. The hierarchical nature of EMS operations and the challenges faced by staff transitioning from general nursing to emergency medical services also contributed to tension and dissatisfaction among staff. The delivery of EMS in Chobe, Botswana, is hindered by staffing shortages, operational constraints, and psychological stress. Addressing these challenges through improved communication systems, adequate resource allocation, formalized policies, and mental health support for EMS staff is critical to improving service delivery and enhancing the well-being of EMS personnel.
Key words: Emergency Medical Services, staffing shortages, operational challenges, mental health, psychological distress
Description
Thesis of Master of Science in Emergency and Trauma Nursing.