The role of the state and non-state actors in ensuring security: the case of Luangwa district.

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Date
2022-08-02
Authors
Banda, Raphael
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Publisher
The University of Zambia
Abstract
The life of people today is deeply implicated in the actions and inactions of both the state and non-state actors. The problem this paper would like to address is: what is it that needs to be done to keep people safe and protected from chronic human threats and sudden and hurtful disruption in patterns of daily life. Particularly we do not know the role being played by the state and non-state actors to provide people with the much needed protection and safety in Luangwa District. Therefore this study aimed at finding out the role performed by the state and non-state actors in ensuring human security in Luangwa district. What we found out is that Luangwa experiences a number of human security threats and even the current magnitude of the role played by both state and non-state actors is not adequate to meet the security challenge in the district. This research showed that one key solution to human chronic threats and disruptions of daily life in Luangwa district is to tap into already existing potentials, some of them being potential for tourism, agriculture, fishing, mining, trade and solar energy. This study was limited to human security. According to the Human Development Report by UN (1994), Human Security is life where people are free from fear and want. Human security is limited to seven areas. These are: Economic, Food, Health, Environmental, Personal, Community and Political Security. Our literature review shows that ensuring human security is a challenge at all levels; global, regional, national or individual. Security is possible only by attending to human aspirations. Therefore the presence, use and distribution of basic needs determine the security and peace of society. The study was underpinned by Social Contract, Human Needs and Greed and Grievance theoretical framework. This research was informed by coordinators and programme managers of Child Fund, Time-to-Learn, ZOCS and ECR through HBC, Katondwe General Hospital, some state departments, ZANIS, community members and Traditional leaders from Manuele, Maozeka, Mwalilia, Nyamumba, Kalikumbu (Lembani), Mwandenga, Mburuma, Sunganani, Linga, Mulinda Ngombe, Mphuka, Mpingo, Chiende-ende and Kavalamanja. Qualitative descriptive survey methodology was implored. The tools used include semi-structured questionnaires and personal observation. It is our hope that the findings may be replicated to similar situations and that this study may contribute towards peace building, conflict prevention, conflict management, conflict resolution, leadership, good governance, advocacy and related avenues of human security.
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Human security--Zambia.
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