Assessment of nonbiological determinants of African swine fever and porcine cysticercosis in free range pig value chains in the Gwembe valley of Southern Zambia : a systems thinking approach.
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Date
2024
Authors
Dzombe, Catherine Besnart
Journal Title
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Publisher
The University of Zambia
Abstract
The pig production sector in Zambia, particularly in Southern province, has exhibited consistent growth owing to the substantial pig populations in these regions. However, the industry faces significant challenges primarily arising from diseases such as African Swine Fever (ASF) and porcine cysticercosis (PCC), which hinder its expansion and sustainability. Consequently, the aim of this study was to conduct an assessment of nonbiological determinants of ASF and PCC in free range pig value chains in the Gwembe valley of Southern Zambia. A cross-sectional study that incorporated the Spatial Group Model Building (SGMB) process, using the LayerStack tool, was conducted in October 2023. This participatory method engaged 11 members of the Gwembe pig value chain in a focus group discussion using a semi-structured guide as well as two District Veterinary Officers (DVOs) as key informants. The study revealed that socio-economic factors, traditional farming practices, and market dynamics significantly contribute to the persistence and spread of these diseases. Poor access to veterinary services, especially in remote areas, delayed disease management, while traditional free-range farming practices facilitated disease transmission through unsanitary environments and contact with contaminated human waste. Cultural practices, such as pig movement during ceremonies, and economic pressures, including the sale of infected pigs in informal markets, further exacerbated the situation. The study also identified gaps in biosecurity measures, inadequate disease awareness, and financial constraints as major barriers to effective disease control. A systems thinking approach, using the SGMB, highlighted the spatial and socio-economic dynamics that sustain the prevalence of ASF and PCC, underscoring the need for integrated, multi-dimensional interventions that address both cultural and economic challenges. It is recommended that efforts be focused on improving access to veterinary services in remote areas. To address the delay in disease interventions, veterinary outreach programs should be strengthened, ensuring timely disease prevention and control
measures. Based on the findings that traditional free-range farming practices significantly contribute to disease transmission, it is recommended that pig farming practices be modernized through the promotion of confined and semi-confined farming systems. Going forward, exploring the socio-cultural factors that influence farmers' acceptance and adoption of modern biosecurity measures could shed light on ways to bridge the gap between traditional practices and disease control.
Description
Thesis of Master of Science in One Health Analytical Epidemiology