Graduate School of Business

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    An assessment of the factors affecting the adoption of ATM cash deposit services. a case study of ABSA bank Zambia, Lusaka.
    (The University of Zambia, 2024) Katuta, Mwila
    Commercial banks' investments in information technology (IT) have helped to streamline operations, boost competitiveness, and expand the number and quality of services offered. The Automated Teller Machine (ATM) is arguably the most ground-breaking electronic innovation in the world. ATMs are the most extensively used electronic delivery method for banks in Zambia. Cost savings, customer happiness, and competitiveness are the reasons to install and expand the existing ATM network. Despite the availability of good ATM facilities for depositing money, long queues at banks persist during working hours, customers depositing money at the counter to bank tellers. Therefore, the study aimed at assessing the factors affecting the adoption of ATM Cash Deposit Services. The objectives of the study were to determine the effect of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, the effect of facilitating conditions and the effect of social influence on consumer’s intentions to adopt ATM cash deposit services. To achieve the objectives, the study conducted a survey of 397 ABSA bank customers. The study used a mixed method research and employed descriptive and causal research designs. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression and Fisher exact test were used for data analysis. From the results, the study found that; lack of knowledge, lack of awareness, easiness of ATMs to use, Trust for ATMs, security and safety of ATMs, and ATM errors, are significant factors that affect customers’ use of ATMs for depositing money. In addition, the study found that having friends who use the ATMs to deposit money had a statistically significant effect on using the ATM for depositing money. Age and Gender were also found to have significant effect on using ATMs for depositing money. The results were statistically significant at 0.05 P-value. The study therefore recommended that; Banks should provide adequate knowledge to customers on how to use ATMs for depositing money; ensure and guarantee the safety of customers when depositing money; regularly changing the quality of notes; and provide adequate information to customers on the safety and reliability of ATMs when depositing money.
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    A study of the effect of the treasury single account on commercial banks deposits and lending in Zambia.
    (The University of Zambia, 2024) Mulenga, Felix
    The implementation of the Treasury Single Account (TSA) in Zambia brought about drastic changes in the management of public funds. The Bank of Zambia assumed custodianship of public funds while Commercial Banks remain revenue collection agents throughout the country. This study investigated the effect of the TSA on Commercial Banks Deposit Mobilization and Lending in Zambia. Secondary and Time series data were collected from the Bank of Zambia (BOZ) annual reports covering the pre- and post-TSA implementation eras, over a ten-year period (2010-2019). The independent variable was represented by Government Deposits (representing the TSA), while aggregate Commercial Banks Deposits and Loans and Advances were the dependent variables. The data were analysed using descriptive, regression and correlation analysis, with the aid of IBM SPSS Statistics version 28. The findings of the study revealed that Government Deposits have a significant positive effect on Commercial Banks Deposit Mobilization. The P-value was found to be <0.001 which is less than 0.05 meaning that the P-value is statistically significant at 5% level. The study also revealed that Government Deposits have significant positive effect on Commercial Banks Loans and Advances. The P- value was found to be <0.001 which is less than 0.05 meaning the P-value is statistically significant at 5% level. The trend analysis of Government Deposits further revealed a slow growth in Government Deposits after TSA implementation. Between 2010 and 2014 which is the pre-TSA era, Government Deposits in Commercial Banks grew by 163%, whilst between 2015 and 2019, which is the post -TSA era; Government Deposits grew by 74%. The trend analysis of Loans and Advances revealed a slower growth in Loans and Advances during the post -TSA era (35%), compared to 136% growth during the pre -TSA era. The study therefore concluded that the TSA which aims to withdraw Government Deposits from Commercial Banks has a negative effect on Commercial Bank Deposits and their lending ability. The study recommended that banks should develop strategies to attract private sector deposits, to fill the void created by the implementation of the TSA. Banks should come up with innovative solutions to tap into the unbanked population. It is important that banks develop attractive savings products to encourage the culture of saving among citizens. The study further recommended that the Ministry of Finance should consider allowing Commercial Banks involved in revenue collection, a few days float before revenue is remitted to the main TSA account at Bank of Zambia (BOZ).
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    Investigating the extent to which demand and supply side factors affect women’s access to financial services from microfinance institutions: a case of women entrepreneurs in Lusaka Zambia.
    (The University of Zambia, 2024) Muchimba, Elijah
    This research focused on assessing the extent to which demand side and supply side factors affect women’s access to financial services from microfinance institutions: a case of women entrepreneurs in Zambia. The study was carried out in Lusaka and the main objectives of the study were to determine the extent to which demand side and supply side factors impede women entrepreneurs’ access to financial service; and to find out measures that can be used to curb the demand side and supply side factors affecting women entrepreneurs’ access to financial services. Therefore, the study followed a mixed research design to answer the research question on the factors affecting women’s accessibility to financial services from microfinance institutions among women entrepreneurs in Zambia. Data was collected using a questionnaire and interview guide. The research data was qualitatively analyzed using themes and also quantitatively analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) 24. According to the study findings, it was established that demand side and supply side factors impede women entrepreneurs’ access to financial services. This is because the findings revealed that demand side and supply side factors such as lack of collateral, limited personal capacity, high interest rates, failure to understand financial services, limited access to financial institutions, lack of education, few financial institutions supporting women, lack of property, lack of confidence and the type of business management among others affected women accessibility to financial services among micro financial institutions. To counter the above factors, the study revealed that there are measures that can be used to curb the factors that affect women’s accessibility to financial services from microfinance institutions. These include building the business case for equal economic opportunities for men and women; promoting financial support from micro financial institutions; empowering women as a priority focus; educating women on financial institutions and financial services provided and increasing the number of micro financial institutions supporting women among others. Furthermore, recommendations arising from the study among others included the need for financial institutions to become more responsive to the specific needs of women entrepreneurs and develop products and services that address these needs and the need to not only increase the branch network of the various financial institutions involved in lending money to women entrepreneurs, but also diversify the delivery modes.
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    Developing a marketing strategy model to enhance performance of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Zambia.
    (The University of Zambia, 2024) Ndhlovu, Scotch Musalela
    The purpose of this study was to develop a marketing strategy model that could enhance performance in particular the sales growth of MSMEs in Zambia. The study was conducted out of the need to understand the role played by the marketing strategies on performance of MSMEs in Zambia taking into account that most MSMEs fail to survive and grow few years after their establishment. The objective was to present the results of a rigorous assessment of marketing strategies applied by the MSMEs and their influence on performance. From the research results, a marketing strategy model was to be developed. The study was guided by the bounded rationality theory and anchored in the positivist paradigm embracing the logic of induction and deduction. Two measures (a) marketing strategies and (b) sales growth were the main variables. The target population was 335 MSMEs from both Lusaka and Copperbelt province. Since each province had an association of registered members, the register for each province was used as a sampling frame. Data was collected using a descriptive research survey. The instrument used in this study was a structured questionnaire that was designed by the researcher. Yamane Taro’s sampling formula was used to determine the required sample. 177 respondents were enlisted in this study. Data was analysed using the SPSS statistical program, version 28 (SPSS Inc.). Ordinal logistic regression was performed to determine the influence of marketing strategies on sales growth. The key and major findings of study revealed that out of 14 marketing strategies that were assessed, only 5 were dominant in terms of use and these are; Whatsap ranked number 1, Facebook ranked number 2, Radio ranked number 3, Newspaper ranked number 4 and Face to Face (word of mouth, door to door) ranked number 5. Out of the 5 marketing strategies that were in use, 4 had significant high influence on sales growth and these are; Radio (Wald χ2(1) = 25.606, p = 0.001), WhatsApp (Wald χ2(1) =12.480, p = 0.001), Facebook (Wald χ2(1) =5.702, p = 0.017) and Newspaper (Wald χ2(1) =9.510, p = 0.001). The use of these four marketing strategies appear to be essential for increasing sales growth of the MSMEs. The study concludes that marketing strategies provide additional competitive edge to MSMEs by consistently enhancing sales growth. Therefore, MSMEs should pursue the consistent adoption of marketing strategies as a way of improving their performance in particular the sales growth. Further, the study revealed that the choice of marketing strategies that MSMEs applied was influenced by the MSME owner- managers’ cognitive capability, environment and availability of resources. The study recommends that the MSME Associations should disseminate information to members to appreciate and adopt marketing strategies to ehance their performance. The associations should also engage Government institutions such as the Ministry of Small Medium Enterprise and Development, Zambia Development Agency and Citizens Economic Empowerment Commission to regularly conduct training to their members on marketing strategies.
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    Analysis of the effects of environmental entrepreneurship on sustainable development among small medium enterprises in Zambia: a case of Lusaka central business district (CBD).
    (The University of Zambia, 2024) Kazhila, Sepo
    These challenges have emerged due to the profit maximization motive of the SME owners at the expense of conserving the environment and the values of society. Currently, there is a pressing need for entrepreneurs to adopt environmentally friendly strategies, technologies, and products that will result in sustainable solutions to problems of the day. A study was adopted to analyze the effects of environmental entrepreneurship on sustainable development among small and medium enterprises in Lusaka’s CDB. A sample of 278 respondents was selected using the Cochran formula which resulted in a response rate of 91% with 252 respondents. A mixed methodology approach was used and data was analyzed through the use of SPSS from which correlation and a summary of coefficient were used to measure the relationship among variables. The overall coefficient of correlation of 0.947 from the SPSS results suggests that there is a strong positive relationship between the variables under observation in relation to sustainable development among SMEs with regard to environmental entrepreneurship strategies which are: environmental efficacy, and environmental innovation. The R-Square (coefficient of determination) of 0.897 suggests that sustainable development is influenced 89.7% by the independent variables observed.