Graduate School of Business

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    Assessing profit determinants of Zambian-owned banks pre and during the COVID-19 era.
    (The University of Zambia, 2024) Mwenda, Anthony
    The objective of the study was to assess the factors that influence the profitability of Zambianowned commercial banks throughout the period from January 2013 to December 2021, with a specific focus on First Alliance Bank (FAB), Indo Zambia Bank, and Zanaco. The study included descriptive statistics and panel data analysis to investigate the link between profitability measures (ROA and ROE) and several factors. Regression models were used to assess the financial features and performance indicators. The key findings indicate that there is a positive correlation between the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Return on Assets (ROA), but this link is not statistically significant. This suggests that the DER may not have a substantial impact on ROA, and other factors such as operational efficiency may be more important. In contrast, a notable inverse correlation between Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER) and Return on Equity (ROE) suggests that a greater dependence on debt diminishes the returns on equity, highlighting the dangers of excessive leverage. The study also discovered a possible adverse effect of Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) on both Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE), which contradicts the belief that a higher LDR results in increased profitability. In addition, the analysis revealed that an increased proportion of deposits compared to assets (DTAR) did not necessarily improve profitability. Both return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) exhibited a negative coefficient, although it was not statistically significant. In a similar vein, the study could not uncover robust statistical proof to substantiate the expected positive correlation between Deposits to Assets Ratio (DAR) and profitability. However, a positive inclination was indicated between DAR and Return on Equity (ROE). The text study's policy suggestions and contributions advise that banks should exercise caution when leveraging and managing assets. It proposes that banks should enhance their performance by enhancing operational efficiency instead of solely relying on rising debt or deposits. These findings enhance our understanding of financial parameters and how they affect bank profitability. They question existing financial theories and promote a more comprehensive perspective on the dynamics of the banking sector. The study's thesis asserts that the factors influencing bank profitability in Zambia, specifically in relation to financial ratios such as DER, LDR, DTAR, and DAR, are intricate and do not consistently conform to traditional financial theories. Consequently, banks must reevaluate their approaches to leveraging and asset management in order to improve profitability and asset management.
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    An empirical effectual study of mobile phone banking on the liquidity situation of selected Natsave bank branches of Lusaka district, Zambia.
    (The University of Zambia, 2024) Anywar, Ogena
    The study investigated the relationship between mobile phone banking and the liquidity of selected branches of the National Savings and Credit Bank (NATSAVE) within the Lusaka District, Zambia. The research employed the embedded mixed research design, engaging NATSAVE employees and customers in Lusaka District. A stratified purposive and simple random sampling was utilized, with a sample size of 250 respondents. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using structured questionnaires and guided interviews respectively. Descriptive and thematic analysis techniques were employed to analyse quantitative and qualitative data within Microsoft Excel and SPSS environment. The findings of this study showed that the mobile banking systems adopted by NATSAVE Bank consisted of services ranging from account balance checking to a more advanced functionalities such as mobile bank deposits and bill payments. Additionally, the study revealed a positive strong (r = 0.83) relationship between mobile banking and NATSAVE Bank’s liquidity. The majority of respondents expressed the belief that mobile banking has no significant impact on the bank’s liquidity. Regarding the solutions tailored to address the potential constraints effecting the mobile banking on NATSAVE Bank’s liquidity, the findings highlighted the following: introduction of transactional limits, encouraging digital savings, offering liquidity management education, introducing dynamic fee structures during peak periods, establishing a liquidity reserve, and fostering strategic partnerships with mobile wallet providers. The recommendations that emerged from the study were: 1. NATSAVE should adopt adaptive strategies for mobile banking by regularly evaluating and adjusting its services based on customer feedback, industry trends, and technological advancements. 2. NATSAVE should explore strategic collaborations with Fintech innovators to integrate cutting-edge technologies into mobile banking services. 3. NATSAVE should explore innovative ways to engage customers within the mobile banking ecosystem.
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    An assessment of the management strategies to street vending : a case of Chipata city.
    (The University of Zambia, 2024) Mazani, Frank
    Background: street vending is a Globally practice differently in different countries. For example in china, it seems to be more structured because there are designated specific areas or markets for street vendors, providing them with permits and infrastructure stalls or kiosks, and such areas are often subject to regulations regarding hygiene, safety, and operating hours. In Zambia, it seems not have proper direction as weather it is allowed or not. Government is seldom being stiff by prohibit street vending yet at times compromised by political influence. This means even when formal places for street vending are pronounced, it remains on paper different from what is prevailing on the ground. The Study objectives were; 1) To ascertain the nature of players involved in street vending management. 2) To assess the management strategies that have been employed in street vending. 3) To recommend sustainable management approaches to street vending in Chipata CBD. Methodology: The study employed a qualitative case study A purposive sampling criterion was used in the selection of 267 participants, of whom 2 were key informants and 265 streets vendors. A semi-structured questionnaire guide, audiotaping, and note-taking were used to collect data and NVIVO 12 software was used for data analysis. Results: key major players in street vending management include vendors and city council. factors for street vending included Employment opportunities, Business convenience, Social capital, Inadequate training skills. Institutional strategies for managing street vending include Vending spaces, the Use of force by law enforcers and the issues Licensing system. Conclusion: Addressing street vending issues in Chipata city and zambia as whole there is need of Mainstreaming of street vending support into national policy.
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    A study of the effect of financial inclusion on economic development in Zambia.
    (The University of Zambia, 2020) Mweetwa, Chilombo Shinga
    Financial development enhances human development, and access to financial services makes a positive impact on people‘s lives, particularly the poor. The importance of an inclusive financial system, across the globe, is widely recognized in the policy circles and has become a policy priority in many countries including Zambia. This research project attempted to show how financial inclusion is correlated with standard measures of economic development in Zambia. The objective of the study was to review existing sources of detailed data on financial inclusion and economic development and establish the relationship between financial inclusion and economic development in Zambia and make recommendations. The study found out that there is a positive relationship between financial inclusion and economic development and an increase in financial inclusion leads to an increase in economic development. This was revealed by the various correlation tests and regression test carried out. The study also revealed that the selected independent variables on financial inclusion explain 97.10% of the variation in the dependent variable (Human Development Index). The study recommended the need for the Zambian Government to identify, develop and implement workable polices to enhance financial inclusion and in turn improve the lives of people.
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    Reflective practice: a strategy for improving the teaching of civic education in secondary schools in Zambia.
    (The University of Zambia, 2020) Magasu, Oliver
    This study sought to investigate the implementation of reflective practice strategy in the teaching of Civic Education in secondary schools in Zambia. The objectives of this study were to explore teaching strategies used in Civic Education lessons in secondary schools of Lusaka Province in Zambia, to describe how reflective practice as a strategy is used in the teaching of Civic Education in secondary schools of Lusaka Province in Zambia, to explore the challenges, if any, affecting the implementation of reflective practice strategy in the teaching of Civic Education in secondary schools of Lusaka Province in Zambia and to propose a framework that could enhance the implementation of reflective practice in the teaching of Civic Education in secondary schools of Lusaka Province in Zambia. The research paradigm was critical theory paradigm. Since it was a qualitative study, a descriptive survey research design was used and data was collected using interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), observations and document analysis. Purposive sampling procedures was used to sample Twenty- Four participants and Five Focus Groups. Data collected was analysed using themes that emerged from the literature review and objectives of the study. The study noted that reflective practice though rarely promoted by the teachers in their lessons was a significant aspect in teaching of Civic Education in secondary schools. The study also found that when applied correctly as an approach in teaching, reflective practice provides opportunities among the learners to engage in educational discussions during the lessons. Additionally, the study also noted that the use of reflective practice in teaching Civic Education in Secondary schools served as a good motivation for the learners to become active, responsive and informed members of society. Based on these findings, this study concludes that reflective practice as an approach of teaching serves to build self- esteem and confidence in learners and therefore the study recommends that the Ministry of General Education (MoGE) should take a deliberate move in providing workshops/short courses to Civic Education teachers so that they can enhance their skills in the use of reflective practice in Civic Education lessons. This study further proposes a framework that should be used in the teaching of Civic Education in secondary schools. There is need in future to assess the training of Civic Education teachers with regards to training for reflective practice strategy.