Development of a sustainable cattle farming business model for small scale cattle farmers: the case of Namwala district of Zambia.
Date
2024
Authors
Siankwilimba, Enock
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
The University of Zambia
Abstract
The transformation of the livestock sector from non-functional to functional has had numerous systemic hurdles due to the different interactions of systems at play. This research study's primary objective was to develop a dynamic and sustainable cattle farming business model for traditional
cattle farmers in the Namwala District of Zambia to ensure cattle business growth, profitability and sustainability. This research study used a mixed method approach, which employed both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. This research study used descriptive and causal research designs. Quantitative data was collected from 405 cattle farmers in Namwala District using a structured questionnaire. A further 12 focus group discussions and 405 individual interviews, using an interview guide, were used to collect qualitative data. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used to establish causality among variables. Results revealed that the traditional cattle business is characterised by family operation, open communal grazing for cattle, and a lack of cattle market associations. The majority of the farmers do not achieve formal revenue from the by-products, and farmers have no insurance cover for their cattle. Supplementary feeding, access to extension services, regular dipping of animals, adequacy of water, regular vaccination, access to open communal land, secondary education, land adequacy, and traditional ceremony (Shimunenga and Shikaumpa), were statistically significant in affecting cattle herd size. This research study found that milk selling, selling cattle to processors, business attractiveness, selling calves and steers, price and the number of cattle sold are statistically significant in affecting the profitability of the cattle business. Further, this research study found that supplementary feeding, attractiveness of the cattle business, access to extension services, regular dipping of animals, adequacy of water, regular vaccination, profitability of business, savings and insurance, and access to open communal land, have significant impact on cattle business sustainability. Furthermore, this research study developed a dynamic cattle business model for sustainability and a framework for implementation. The research study recommends that the government and private sector business enterprises, through a private-public partnership (PPP), develop a meat and dairy market enterprise that will stimulate and support smallholder farmers to improve their investment within the livestock value chain. The initiative aims to increase livestock income for smallholder farmers, provide a reliable market for their livestock, and enhance their livelihoods and business enterprises. The government and private sector should embark on the intensive promotion and branding of traditional cattle farmers and their products to attract investment by many Zambians in the sector via different media platforms such as field days, auction sales, and market days, as in the case of Shimunenga and Shikaumpa ceremonies in Maala and Baambwe areas of the Namwala district. Furthermore, this study recommends that the government, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, and
stakeholder organisations support and empower cattle farmers with acquisition to cattle production knowledge, support and empower cattle farmers with acquisition to resources such as land, water, financial capital and financial services, develop policies that empower cattle farmers in terms of acquisition to resources, and develop and facilitate the market for livestock products. Future research is required for a needs assessment for financial and extension services and willingness to pay for these services among the traditional cattle farmers.
Description
Thesis of Doctor of Philosophy in Business and Management.